NAMUR NE 43 Fault Signaling: What 3.6 mA and 21 mA Mean
NAMUR NE 43 fault bands on a 4-20 mA loop: the 3.6 mA and 21 mA thresholds, what three manufacturers actually implement, and where the signal gets lost.
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How to Choose a Pressure Transmitter for Marine and Offshore Service
Choose a marine or offshore pressure transmitter with confidence: seawater materials, IP68 immersion, Ex ratings, and where 316L stops being enough.
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Room Pressure Monitoring: Cleanroom & Isolation Guide
Set, measure and monitor room pressure for cleanrooms and isolation rooms: standard setpoints, cascade design, and choosing a low-range DP transmitter.
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NACE MR0175 Material Selection for Sour Service: A Pressure-Instrument Guide
How to read NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 for a pressure transmitter: when a tap is sour, why the measuring diaphragm is the hard part, and which wetted materials keep you compliant.
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Cryogenic Pressure Measurement: How to Spec a Transmitter That Survives the Cold
How to measure cryogenic pressure for LNG, liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen: the -65 C sensor floor, pressure siphon and remote-seal standoff, fill-fluid freezing, 316L material selection, and range by cryogen.
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Hydrogen Pressure Transducer: How to Spec One That Lasts
How to spec a hydrogen pressure transducer: diaphragm material for permeation and embrittlement, range for the hydrogen chain, and ATEX/IECEx zone rating.
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Pressure Snubber Selection: Types, Sizing & When to Use One
How to choose a pressure snubber: porous disc vs piston vs adjustable, sizing for the spike not the steady pressure, and when to measure the pulsation instead.
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Diaphragm Seal Pressure Transmitter: When and How to Spec One
When to use a diaphragm seal pressure transmitter, how to pick the membrane material and fill fluid, and how to choose between a flush and a remote capillary seal.
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Bubbler Level Measurement: How It Works & When to Use It
How bubbler (dip-tube) level measurement works, the hydrostatic math with a worked example, open vs closed-tank hookups, when to use it, and which transmitter to pick.
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OEM Pressure Transducer: How to Spec and Source One
How to spec an OEM pressure transducer: output type, range and overload, sensing element, plus custom options, MOQ and lead time.
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High Pressure Transducer Selection: Range, Proof & Sealing
How to select a high pressure transducer: range vs proof and burst pressure, sealing by pressure band, sensor technology, and hydrogen service.
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Boiler Drum Level Measurement: DP, Density & Shrink-Swell
How to measure boiler drum level with a DP transmitter: wet-leg setup, pressure-based density compensation worked at 45 bar(g), shrink and swell, and DP vs radar.
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IP Ratings for Pressure Transmitters: How to Specify
How to spec the right IP rating for a pressure transmitter: the two digits, the IP68 depth caveat, IP-vs-NEMA crosswalk, IP69K washdown, and where water gets in.
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Type R vs S vs B Thermocouple: Noble-Metal Selection
Compare Type R, S and B platinum-rhodium thermocouples on temperature, accuracy, output, contamination and ceramic protection, with a service-by-service selection table.
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Impulse Lines for Pressure & DP Transmitters: Field Rules
How to route impulse lines for pressure and DP transmitters: slope, tube size, material, freeze and plugging. Field rules that keep readings honest.
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Electronic Pressure Switch: How to Choose and Set One
How an electronic pressure switch works, when a mechanical switch still wins, and how to set the setpoint and deadband without relay chatter.
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Differential Pressure Transmitter for Flow Measurement
A differential pressure transmitter is still the flow meter you will find on more lines than any other, and not because it is the most accurate. It is cheap, it is hard to kill, and it works on almost any clean fluid. The catch is that the transmitter does not measure flow at all. A…
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4-20 mA Current Loop: How the Signal Works
How a 4-20 mA current loop works: why it uses current not voltage, live zero and NAMUR NE43, loop-powered two-wire wiring, supply sizing, and mA-to-units conversion.
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Type E Thermocouple: Range, Accuracy & Highest Output
Type E thermocouple range, IEC and ASTM accuracy, and why its 68 microvolt per degree C output and non-magnetic legs suit cryogenic and high-sensitivity work.
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Type K Thermocouple: Range, Accuracy & When It Drifts
Type K thermocouple range, IEC and ASTM tolerance classes with worked errors, green rot and K-state drift, and when to switch to Type N or Type J.
