NAMUR NE 43 Fault Signaling: What 3.6 mA and 21 mA Mean
NAMUR NE 43 fault bands on a 4-20 mA loop: the 3.6 mA and 21 mA thresholds, what three manufacturers actually implement, and where the signal gets lost.
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High Pressure Transducer Selection: Range, Proof & Sealing
How to select a high pressure transducer: range vs proof and burst pressure, sealing by pressure band, sensor technology, and hydrogen service.
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IP Ratings for Pressure Transmitters: How to Specify
How to spec the right IP rating for a pressure transmitter: the two digits, the IP68 depth caveat, IP-vs-NEMA crosswalk, IP69K washdown, and where water gets in.
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Pressure Transmitter Turndown Ratio: What It Costs Your Accuracy
Pressure transmitter turndown ratio explained: how it’s calculated, why re-ranging hurts accuracy, the % of span vs % of URL trap, and how to size the range.
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What Is PSI? Pressure Unit Definition & Spec-Sheet Guide
PSI pressure unit definition for engineers — pounds per square inch, conversions, and transmitter selection.
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Absolute Pressure Formula: Equation, Worked Examples & Sensor Selection
P_abs = P_gauge + P_atm explained for engineers. Three worked examples, altitude correction, unit traps, plus HM27/HE27/HPTM189 selection.
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Pressure Transmitter Symbol on P&ID: PT, PIT, PDT Guide
Decode pressure transmitter symbols on a P&ID. PT, PIT, PDT explained with ISA-5.1-2024 updates, bubble conventions, tag number anatomy, and signal line types.
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Valve Manifold for DP Transmitter: 2/3/5-Valve Decision
Spec the right valve manifold for your DP transmitter. 2/3/5-valve comparison, decision tree, JJG calibration tie-in, and HMK by-model picks.
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DP Transmitter Calibration: 5-Point Procedure & Field Traps
Calibrate a differential pressure transmitter end to end. 5-point Up & Down procedure, HART vs analog, JJG 882-2019 interval, and 5 field traps to avoid.
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Intrinsically Safe Pressure Transmitter: Ex i Selection & Spec Guide
Compare Ex i and Ex d pressure transmitters, decode ATEX, IECEx, and GB 3836 certificates, and pick the right intrinsic-safety spec for Zone 0/1/2 service.
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Pressure Switch or Pressure Transmitter? A Decision Guide for Plant Engineers
Pressure switch vs transmitter: a five-criterion framework (control, data, SIL, integration, lifecycle) plus HM41 hybrid specs and refinery failure patterns.
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Pressure Transmitter Working Principle: 4 Types (2026)
How a pressure transmitter works — the 6-stage signal chain and the 4 sensing technologies (piezoresistive, ceramic, sapphire, MEMS) compared by accuracy, drift, temperature, and cost.
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DP Level Measurement: Principle, Setup & How to Pick (2026)
Differential pressure level measurement explained: hydrostatic principle, four install configs (open tank, closed tank dry/wet leg, bubbler), LRV/URV calculation, interface measurement, and how DP compares to radar and guided-wave for refinery, tank farm, and separator service.
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How a Differential Pressure Transmitter Works (2026 Guide)
Learn how a differential pressure transmitter works — from ΔP sensing and three sensor technologies (capacitive, diffused silicon, resonant silicon) to static pressure effects and 3-valve manifold startup.
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HART vs 4-20mA: HART 7 Guide for Pressure Transmitters
HART isn’t a replacement for 4-20mA — it’s a digital layer on top of it. See when the HART 7 upgrade pays back, and when pure 4-20mA is still enough.
