CYG1414 — Composite Free-Field Pressure Transmitter

In pulsating or water-hammer service, a pressure snubber protects the transducer from spikes that would otherwise shorten its life.

CYG1414 Composite Free-Field Transmitter: Reflected and Side-On Pressure

One probe that captures total (reflected) pressure and free-field side-on pressure at the same station, at the same instant. Total channel 2–100 MPa; field channel 0.3–100 MPa; up to 1000 kHz natural frequency and 0.2 µs rise time. Cavity-less flush diaphragms, amplified 0–5 V output. Anti-IR optical option.

100 MPa
Top of Range
1000 kHz
Natural Freq Peak
0.2 µs
Rise Time
Φ8 mm
Probe Head Diameter
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CYG1414 composite free-field pressure transmitter measuring total and side-on pressure at one station

What a Composite Free-Field Transmitter Is

A blast wave has two pressures worth recording. The side-on (free-field) pressure is what the undisturbed wave carries as it passes; the total, or reflected, pressure is what a surface facing the wave actually feels. The ratio between them drives blast loading on structures and is the heart of reflection and Mach-stem studies. The CYG1414 reads both at one station, so the two records share a clock and a position and the reflection coefficient falls straight out of the data.

The CYG1414 is the composite member of the CYG400 piezoresistive dynamic pressure family. A streamlined, non-reflective probe roughly 400 mm long carries two cavity-less flush diaphragms: a total-pressure port at the tip facing the wave, and a side-on field-pressure port on the body. A patented back-supported seal mounts each element, so neither channel has a trapped cavity to ring and smear the rising edge. The electronics sit in a Ø25 mm housing behind the probe.

The total channel spans 2 to 100 MPa and the field channel 0.3 to 100 MPa, so one probe brackets both the reflected and the incident pressure of a high-energy blast. For single-point free-field pressure in air, use the CYG412 high-pressure free-field sensor; for underwater work, the CYG1413 underwater transmitter.

CYG1414 Technical Specifications

GroupParameterValue
SensingTechnologyMEMS piezoresistive silicon strain bridge
DiaphragmStainless steel, fully flush, cavity-less
Anti-light interferenceAnti-IR optical coating (option F4)
Range & SpeedRange spanTotal 2–100 MPa; field 0.3–100 MPa
Natural frequency150–1000 kHz (range-matched, per channel)
Rise time1 µs to 0.2 µs (tightens with range)
AccuracyTransmitter accuracy0.5% / 1.0% FS (selectable)
Non-linearity±0.5% … ±1% FS
Temperature driftZero 0.02–0.05 %FS/°C; sensitivity 0.02–0.05 %FS/°C
Power & OutputPower±15 VDC
OutputAmplified 0–5 V (independent total and field channels)
MechanicalProbe formStreamlined non-reflective probe ≈400 mm, Ø25 mm housing
Channels2 – total (reflected) + field (side-on), independent outputs
Wetted materialSilicon + stainless steel; non-corrosive media
EnvironmentOperating temp−40 to +85°C; −55 to +125°C (special fill); 2000°C / 100 ms transient
Compensated temp10 to 70°C

Two Channels: Total (Reflected) and Field (Side-On) Pressure

The CYG1414 carries two independent channels. The total (reflected) channel spans 2 to 100 MPa; the field (side-on) channel spans 0.3 to 100 MPa. Pick each full scale about 30 to 50% above the peak you expect on that channel. The reflected peak runs several times the side-on peak, so the two channels are usually ordered at different ranges.

Total (reflected) rangeNatural frequencyRise time
2 MPa240 kHz1 µs
4 MPa320 kHz0.5 µs
6 MPa320 kHz0.5 µs
10 MPa320 kHz0.5 µs
20 MPa450 kHz0.3 µs
40 MPa600 kHz0.3 µs
60 MPa800 kHz0.2 µs
100 MPa1000 kHz0.2 µs

The field channel reads the lower side-on pressure of the same wave and starts at 0.3 MPa, so it resolves the incident pulse while the total channel captures the reflected peak. Both channels are range-matched in natural frequency, so they stay time-aligned through the rising edge.

Field (side-on) rangeNatural frequencyRise time
0.3 MPa150 kHz1 µs
0.6 MPa150 kHz1 µs
1 MPa180 kHz1 µs
2 MPa240 kHz1 µs
6 MPa320 kHz0.5 µs
10 MPa360 kHz0.5 µs
20 MPa450 kHz0.3 µs
40 MPa600 kHz0.3 µs
60 MPa800 kHz0.2 µs
100 MPa1000 kHz0.2 µs

At the high end both channels reach 1000 kHz natural frequency and 0.2 µs rise time, so even the fastest reflected transient registers on the rising edge. The field channel extends lower, to 0.3 MPa, so the incident side-on pulse stays resolved even when it is a fraction of the reflected peak.

Where the CYG1414 Is Used

The 20–100 MPa band is built for one job: near-field, high-energy detonation. Peak pressure runs into the tens of MPa, and the rising edge lands somewhere between a few tenths of a microsecond and a microsecond.

Reflection-Coefficient Studies

Measuring reflected and side-on pressure at one station to derive the reflection coefficient and its dependence on incidence angle and peak overpressure.

Mach-Stem & Wave Interaction

Resolving the transition from regular to Mach reflection, where the incident and reflected fronts merge and the side-on and total records diverge.

Structural Blast Loading

Capturing the reflected load a face actually sees alongside the free-field pressure that defines the threat, for armor and protective-structure qualification.

Shock-Tube Reflected + Incident

Recording incident and end-wall reflected pressure together in driver-section and high-enthalpy shock tubes to anchor strong-shock and gas-dynamic models.

Blast-Injury Research

Free-field side-on exposure paired with the reflected load on a surrogate surface, for blast-injury thresholds and protective-equipment evaluation.

Explosive Output Characterization

Quantifying charge output by both incident impulse and reflected peak at a fixed standoff, for propellant, pyrotechnic, and high-explosive screening.

Installation: Aligning the Total and Field Ports

A composite probe only reads both channels cleanly if you aim and support it right. Three rules cover most free-field setups.

Port alignment. Point the tip total-pressure port straight at the source so it takes the wavefront square; the side-on field port then sits parallel to the flow and reads the undisturbed pressure. Past about 15° off-axis both channels drift, the total low and the field high, so aim carefully and log the angle.

Mount support. Hold the probe at the Ø25 mm housing with a stake, a wave-aligned tripod, or a mast clamp; never clamp the slim probe shaft, which would add a bending mode and ring the rising edge. Route both channel cables clear of the line between probe and source.

Standoff distance. Set the probe at the radial distance you want to characterize, fix it precisely, and log it with the shot. Pressure falls off steeply with distance, so a 10% error in standoff becomes a 20-30% error in pressure. The ≈400 mm probe puts the support well behind the ports, out of the wave.

CYG1414 Ordering Code

Standard order format:

CYG1414 <total-range> <field-range> <accuracy> <cable> <anti-IR> <custom>

SegmentCodeMeaning
Total range2 … 100Reflected-channel full scale in MPa
Field range0.3 … 100Side-on-channel full scale in MPa
AccuracyP4 / P50.5% / 1.0% FS
CableC1 / CSDirect lead / double-shielded twisted anti-interference cable (recommended outdoor)
Anti-IRF4Anti-IR optical coating (recommended for near-field detonation)
CustomQCustom cable length, special temperature, or custom thread

Worked example: CYG1414 100 20 P4 CS F4 Q — total channel 0–100 MPa, field channel 0–20 MPa, 0.5% accuracy, double-shielded cable, anti-IR optical coating, custom 25 m cable length per attached sheet.

CYG1414 FAQ

Side-on (free-field) pressure is what the undisturbed wave carries as it passes a point. Total, or reflected, pressure is what a surface facing the wave feels when it stops the flow. The reflected value runs several times the side-on value and is what loads a structure, so blast work usually needs both. The CYG1414 records them together at one station.

The probe carries two cavity-less flush diaphragms. A total-pressure port sits at the tip facing the wave; a side-on field port sits on the body, parallel to the flow. Each feeds an independent amplified 0–5 V channel, so the reflected and incident records are captured together and stay time-aligned through the rising edge.

Order each channel about 30 to 50% above its own expected peak. Because the reflected peak runs several times the side-on peak, the total channel is usually ordered at a higher range than the field channel. Oversize slightly rather than risk clipping the reflected spike.

If the probe has a near-direct line to the detonation flash, add the F4 anti-IR option. Its chip-level optical coating stops the IR pulse before it can saturate the silicon junction and clip the rising edge on either channel. In far-field shots several meters out, the flash usually fades before it reaches the diaphragms.

Point the tip total port straight at the source within about 15° so it reads the reflected peak square; the side-on port then sits parallel to the flow for the incident pressure. Clamp the Ø25 mm housing, not the probe shaft, and keep both cables out of the wave path so cable whip does not read back as noise.

Use the CYG412 when you only need single-point free-field pressure in air, and the CYG1413 for the same measurement underwater. Choose the CYG1414 when you need the reflected and side-on pressure together at one station — reflection-coefficient, Mach-stem, and structural-loading work. All share the CYG400 probe lineage and the same amplified output.

Technical Support

Three background guides for engineers specifying or commissioning a CYG1414 composite probe. Open in a new tab; the deep-dives complement the spec-and-selection focus of this page.

Ready to Specify a CYG1414?

Send us the expected reflected and side-on peaks, the radial standoff, the ambient temperature range, and whether near-field IR flash is in play. Our pressure-instrument engineers will reply with CYG1414 total and field ranges, an ordering code, and lead time.

Our engineers usually reply within 12 business hours.

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